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THE CHILDREN IN THE CLOUDS, COMING SOON !
1. Who implemented 60 seconds, 60 minutes ? Babylonians
Sumerians created the Concept of Time, they implemented 60 parts because of division of fractions, still today, one of the world's greatest inventions
2. What were the first Sumer Temples called ? Ziggurats
3. Name the only Queen of The Sumerians ? Queen Kubaba
4. Al-Khwarizmi wrote abstract papers on Algebra but, his name is on moon maps because ?
The Sine Quadrant, invented by Al-Khwarizmi, used for Astronomical calculations, solving trigonometric issues. A prominent corner of the moon is named after Al-Khwarizmi (a Lunar impact Crater located on the far side of The Moon). And of course, Al-Khwarizmi, latin, 'Algorithm', Algebra, two books, On calculations with Hindu Numerals, Compendious book.
5. How long was the Silk Route, Chang'an - Antioch ? 4025 miles
6. Who was the first to invent Windmills ? Persia
7. What was Barley Beer sweetened with ? Date Palm Syrup
8. Who was the first Hydraulic Engineer to make Water Climb ? King Sennacherib
9. Who implemented the first Postal System ? Darius 1
10. Who was the most successful Pharaoh ? Hatshepsut
11. What was the first, accurate clock ? The Clepsydra Water Clock, 1450-1380 BCE, found at Karnak Temple 1904 Egyptian, most accurate timekeeper, an Alabaster Vessel, Cairo Museum
12. Who implemented Longitude, Latitude ? Hipparchus
13. Name the first Lighthouse of the world ? Pharos of Alexandria
14. How many years to learn Cuneiform ? 12 Years
15. How many years to learn Hieroglyphics ? 4 Years
16. Name the only Roman Empire City that was lit-up, each night, for more than 800 years ? Antioch
17. The modern name of Nablus 72 CE, is a corruption of which City ? Neapolis
18. What was the name of the largest Library of The Ancient World ? The Alexandria Museum, The Research Institute Library
19. What does the word Pharaoh mean ? 'The Great House' the Palace where The Pharaoh resides
20. Who taught Alexander the Systematic Disciplines ? Aristotle
21. What date did the Sumerians discover pure oil in Soap ? 2,200 BCE
22. Name the expert on Ancient Mesopotamia who translated Clay Tablets for The British Museum ? George Smith
23. Sumerians were the clever clogs but, what was their success ? Irrigation
24. Who was the best Administrator of The Ancient World ? Darius 1
25. Name the longest Hand Made dug Tunnel in The Ancient World ? Vespasianus- Titus Tunnel
26. What date did The Chinese open The Silk Route ? 138 BCE
27. What date did Rome begin to receive Silk ? 1st Century BCE
28. Name the First Emperor of China who united all provinces ? Qin Shi Huandgui
29. Who spent 60 years digging into the mountainside, The Great Theatre of Ephesus ? Lysimachus
30. What stimulates the Limbic System, Memory, Emotion ? Serotonin, Dopamine
31. Peter digs the First Church at Antioch. What was the Mountain called ? Mt. Staruin
32. What was the Desiccant in the Mummification process ? Natron
33. The Romans enjoyed their Theatres in The Ancient World, name six ? Antioch, Aspendos, Bosra, Neapolis, Palmyra, Ephesus
34. Name Three Libraries of The Ancient World ? Library of Pergamum, Celsus Library Ephesus, The Alexandria Museum, The Research Institute Library
35. Who in the Ancient world discovered Urine was formed in the kidney, as opposed to the bladder and Arteries carried blood, not air, as had been taught for 400 years ? Galen
36. The Ancient World : Who wrote 3 poems and 42 Temple Hymns ? Enheduanna, daughter of Sargon, Akkadian Empire
37. What was the name of The Palace in the middle of Ancient Mesopotamia ? The North West Palace
38. The eighth gate to the inner city, what does this refer to ? Entrance Gate to The Ishtar Gate
39. The 18 gates of the Ancient World, what does this refer to ? The North West Palace
40. Who invented the Sundial and what date ? Egyptians,1500 BCE
41. What Ancient World library is the most complete in The British Museum ? Library of The North West Palace
42. Brutal ruler, who united Ancient China, laying the foundations, The Great Wall ? Qin Shi Huangdi
43. Gobekli Tepe, 6,000 years before Stonehenge, 7,000 before Pyramids, timeline ? 11,500 years,115 Centuries
44. Name the place they are digging for Cleopatra in Alexandria ? Taposiris Magna, Tunnel, 43 feet under The Mediterranean Sea
45. The word ‘Ensi’ was used in Sumer to describe what ? Designated Ruler (women) of a City State
46. The Stele 282 laws, a vertical diorite stone monument, which museum presents this ? Musée du Louvre
47. Alexander always carried his favourite poem on all his campaigns, which poem ? Homer's lliad
48. Where did Alexander die ? Summer House, of Nebuchadnezzar
49. How many Pyramids were built in Egypt ? 100
50. How many Ziggurats were built by Sumerians ? 25
51. Genesis : the source of the four tributaries Pishon, name the further three ? Gihon, Tigris, Euphrates
52. Which is the longest Tigris, or Euphrates ? Euphrates
53. What was the date The Sumerians discovered pure oil in Soaps ? 2,200 BCE
54. Babylonians Trigonometric Table housed in which University in New York ? Columbia
55. What was the name of the Assyriologist, Oxford University, who produced the evidence that The Hanging Garden Classical Account was inaccurate ? Dr. Stephanie Dalley
56. Alexandria displayed an enormous fire each night for a thousand years. Name the site and place ? Alexandria Port, Pharos of Alexandria, first Lighthouse of the Ancient World
57. Date The Silk Route opened Chang-an-Antioch ? 138 BCE
58. Still today, the oldest what ? The lost palace, The Kings of Girsu ? Oldest Bridge in the Ancient World, still today
59. What was the name of Elizabeth 1 very expensive Soap ? Nablus, from olive groves of 5000 years, first pressed, still today
60. There are 4 Unesco World Heritage Sites in Lydia, name them ? Troy, Pergamum, Ephesus, The House of Mary
61. Queen Zenobia ruled 3 countries, name them, while she lived at The Imperial Palace for 6 years ? Palmyra ( Syrian desert), Syria, Egypt
62. Gobekli Tepe, Mardin is located in which area of Ancient Mesopotamia ? Upper Mesopotamia
63. Robert Ballard discoverer of Titanic was invited to map The Ancient Port of which Egyptian province ? The Ancient Port of Alexandria (which is now submerged)
64. There were 7 wonders of The Ancient World but, one was dropped from the List, name it and what replaced it ? Ishtar Gate replaced by Pharos of Alexandria Lighthouse
65. Socrates taught Plato, Plato taught Aristotle, Aristotle taught Alexander, the group of subjects were called what ? The Systematic Disciplines
66. What was the language spoken in Antioch ? Latin & Greek
67. Egyptologists believe that all 14 Ptolemies from Alexander to Cleopatra are buried Where ? The Ancient Port of Alexandria, now submerged
68. Howard Carter 1922, Tutankhamun’s Tomb, the Pharaoh’s curse, 22 people died, what did they die of ? Radiation
69. Philistines arrive 1276 BCE in the area known as Canaan on The Mediterranean Sea, this was confirmed and recorded at Ebla and Mari. What date was this ? 1800 BCE
70. The heavily guarded Persian Royal Road, 1,677 miles, 111 caravanserai was between two Cities, name them ? Susa (old capital of Persia), Sardis, Wealthy City (old Empire of Lydia)
71. Who were the main carriers of goods on The Silk Route for 800 years ? The Sogdian Traders from Sogdiana, north east Persia, who spoke the language of Sogdiana
72. After Emperor Trajan who was the next Roman Emperor, leaving Antioch for Rome a year later ? Hadrian
73. Silk was discovered 2640 BCE by Emperor Hwangte’s Empress. What colours (class distinction) did the Emperor wear during the day and evening ? Yellow Silk at night, White Silk during the day
74. The Terracotta Army : The enemies came in, the warriors still remain in their original positions, from which direction ? East
75. Phoenicians invented the Alphabet in the 2nd century BCE but, they were known to be the best What ? The Finest Shipbuilders of The Ancient World
76. Nineveh Medical Encyclopaedia, a 2600 year old text, 50 clay tablets,10,000 lines of text.The Wellcome Trust are paying for its full translation from Cuneiform into English, working with which Museum ? The British Museum
77. Antioch, the first Christians, the followers of Jesus, assisted by Peter,Paul. They both suffered martyrdom under which Roman Emperor ? Emperor Nero
78. The Alexandrian Museum, The Research Institute, Library, Museum, 247 BCE. How many scrolls did it house ? 400,000 scrolls
79. Which Pharaoh was killed by a Hippopotamus ? Pharaoh Narmer also called Menes
80. Which Museum houses a 7 ton sarcophagus, lid of Ramesses 111 ? Fitzwilliam, Cambridge
81. First hand shaking recorded 9 century BCE between which two powers ?Assyrian King Shalmaneser sealing an alliance with Babylonian ruler
82. Rome was built on seven hills name two ? Esquiline, Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Caelian
83. Roman Empire ended, what date ? 476 CE
84. Byzantine Empire, Roman Empire ended, what date ? 1453 CE
85. A Roman road, Roman Mosaics, a warm and cold room can be seen today but, where in Antioch, 27 feet underground, perfectly preserved ? Mt. Silpius, Antioch
86. 6th century BCE first circular Map, Babylonians ‘Bitter River' can be seen today at which Museum ? British Museum
87. Which Chinese Emperor gave permission to open The Silk Route ? Emperor Wu-di
88. Etemenanki, Ziggurat also know as The Tower of Belus, Tower of Babel, clay tablets were translated by who ? George Smith
89. Alexander the Great ’s father was Philip 11, his unlooted tomb is a Unesco World Heritage Site, name the place ? Aigai (A-Guy)
90. Babylonian King Hammurabi built Entemenanki, 17 million fired bricks, how tall was the Temple ? 298 feet
91. Nebuchadnezzer 11 took how many years restoring Etemenanki ? 43 years
92. What percentage of Babylon still remains unexcavated ? 85%
93. What percentage of UR still remains unexcavated ? 70%
94. The Royal Court had Women Physicians, Dentists, name date ? 2500 BCE
95. Hadrian built a Theatre in The Fertile Crescent with a capacity of 7,000, name the place ? Nablus
96. Temple of Artemis which, Museum can you see the remains ? The British Museum
97. Who stole Silk Worm Eggs from China ? Nestorian Monks
98. Who was the first women’s campaigner in The Ancient World ? Empress Theodora
99. Who quoted ‘ Overwhelmingly opulent, the walls so broad, chariots could race around them’ ? Herodotus
100. Who quoted ‘ People of Antioch were sleeping on the roofs at night, where the summer breeze would gently stir the garments of the sleepers’ ? Libanius
OH ! JUST ONE MORE !
Incredible that The Piano was implemented in Ancient History Times by Inventor, Greek, Tesibius and thereafter, Cristofori completed 1700.
Cristofori's invention : Queen Maria de Braganza of Spain, Greek, Tesibius, Giovanni Ferrinni ?
The Seven Wonders, Women, of The Ancient World :
________
Kubaba, only Queen of The Sumerians.
Queen Pu-abi Ur, 111 period.
Poet, Priestess, Enheduanna.
Queen Cleopatra.
Queen Zenobia, 3rd Century CE.
Theodora, Empress, 497 AD - 28th June 548 CE.
Pharaoh Hatshepsut.
And of course, Priestesses ruled City States as ‘Ensi’ designated ruler of city states, Sumer.
Kubaba :
SUMERIANS, four main classes : Priests, Upper Class which, included The Royals, Lower Class and Slaves. Unchanged words of The Sumerians, still today, crocus (flower), Saffron (colour and spice). Sumerians were paid for their work, women had the freedom to work and able to set-up their own business. Being a Brewer created considerable wealth, autonomy, influence. One Brewer Kubaba became ruler of Kish, 2500 BCE, the only woman recorded to have such power, the first and only Queen among The Sumerian rulers. However, women mentioned the most in ancient texts were priestesses they frequently ruled city-states as 'Ensí' (designated ruler of a city-state), their power exceeded all but, a few of men (the secular leader was called Lugal meaning 'The Strongman'). However, the first recorded Physicians 2700 BCE were Women. The Royal Court had Women Physicians 2500 BCE, 'Peseht' know as Lady Overseer of Female Physicians. Also referenced were Female Dentists, Doctors in Ancient Mesopotamian texts. Priestesses served as the first Dentists, Doctors, they had to be celibate.
Queen Pu-abi :
A picture of Ancient Sumerian Art and Civilisation : 'The Royal Standard of UR', 'Treasures of The Royal Tombs of UR', 'Ram Caught in a Thicket', a statuette, Lapis Lazuli, Gold and Shell depicting a standing animal nibbling a bush, The intact tomb of a woman called 'Pu-abi', a Queen, wearing a magnificent headdress.
A trench adjacent to the ruined Ziggurat revealed burials, gold jewelry, precious stones, 1800 graves, clay coffins, however, 16 coffins were very different, a Queen confirmed by a cuneiform cylinder seal named Pu-abli, surrounded by serving ladies crowding the floor around, two hundred finely crafted objects of Metal, Stone, Wood. UR, perhaps Abraham's birthplace.
Ornate headdress and a pair of earrings found with the body of Queen Pu-abi in the Royal Cemetery at Ur. The headdress is made up of 20 gold leaves, two strings of lapis and carnelian, and a large gold comb. She wore chokers, necklaces, and large lunate-shaped earrings. Her upper body was covered by strands of beads made of precious metals and semi-precious stones that stretched from her shoulders to her belt. Ten rings decorated her fingers. A diadem or fillet made up of thousands of small lapis lazuli beads with gold pendants depicting plants and animals on a table near her head.
Poet, Priestess, Enheduanna :
The First Author known by name in History : The Great Poet-Priestess Enheduanna meaning Ornament of Heaven who appeared to have worked as a Priestess for 40 years, who signed her name to a set of 3 Poems she wrote about her gods & goddesses and composer of 42 Temple Hymns. She is noted at The Penn Museum : Calcite Disc, 2300 BCE with a view of her profile. The woman know for her headdresses where she would dine with men, as her equal. Her Father was Sargon of Akkad, 2350-2150 BCE, Mesopotamia.
Queen Cleopatra : was Queen, 18 years old, spoke nine languages, studied politics, economics, mathematics, she was a scientist, chemist and an expert in poisons. Her childhood tutor was Philostratus the Egyptian, a sophist philosopher and orator of Ancient Greek Arts. She continued her studies at the Mouseion in Alexandria (which included the famous Library of Alexandria), where she was educated by the leading scholars of the Hellenistic world. 21 years, she was in The Sinai Desert raising an army, plotting her return to the throne. Her brilliant manoeuvres won strategic alliances with Caesar and Antony, changing the course of history. The Ptolemaic period began in 305 BCE, one of Alexander the Great's generals became Ptolemy 1 Soter of Egypt and later of course, Cleopatra (fluent in Egyptian) 30 BCE, ends 275 years of Greek rule of Egypt, aged 39 years.
Queen Zenobia :
Mosaics, columns and walls of ancient Antioch, the third largest City of The Roman Empire after Rome and Alexandria, favoured by The Emperors, third century CE, The Imperial Palace residence of Queen Zenobia (Antiochia, the preference of Queen Zenobia, just a short walk from the Soapmakers), Queen of Palmyra Empire, Queen of Syria, Queen of Egypt, ruler of one third of The Roman Empire (6 years, loved by her people), declaring ancestry with Cleopatra, educated in Greek, Latin, Egyptian (fluent) and Aramaic, defeated by Emperor Aurelius, perhaps chained in gold chains, treated with humility but, paraded in Rome for a life in Tivoli, where she re-married and died 34 years old, 4 children. Perhaps one day the real truth will surface. Educated Zenobia, smart, clever !
Theodora :
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN 1st 527-565 CE rebuilds and strengthens the last Roman Fortress, Wife Theodora, exceptionally beautiful, intelligent, Empress, ruled with Justinian 1st for 21 years, a woman from a poor background. Theodora had grown up among the working classes of Constantinople (330 CE the new Capital of The Roman Empire, lasting 12 centuries) previously, Ancient Greek City of Byzantium, four times the size of Byzantium, built on seven hills, just like old Rome), she was a child of the circus who became Constantinople's best known actress. Theodora loved the male, female baths and frequented them often, early in the morning and leaving late. The mixed baths (where olive oil and alkali (ash) was used) ended in the 8th century CE. Procopius, Writer, Greek Scholar, Principal Byzantium Historian of the 6th century CE portrayed Theodora as a wanton of the most promiscuous sort, sighting a stage act that the future Empress was said to have performed involving her naked body, some grain and a gaggle of trained geese. Justinian 1st passed a law allowing intermarriage between social classes, his marriage to Theodora caused a scandal but, she became one of the most influential women of the Ancient World. First : campaigner of women's rights, she worked for the rights of prostitutes, closing brothels, safe houses, forced prostitution, changed the law on divorce, abolished a law that allowed women to be killed for committing adultery.
Queen Hatshepsut :
A thousand years after The Pyramids, Queen Hatshepsut (Hat-shep-soot) became Pharaoh, considered the most successful of all Pharaohs, reigned 21 years. Hatshepsut, famous for building The Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahri, Thebes, incredible architecture and she commissioned two Obelisks at Karnak, Egypt, one, 343 tons, red, pink granite stone, 93 feet tall. She died 1458 BCE, in her mid-forties. Pharaoh Hatshepsut was an experienced administrator, as she gained this experience from her Father and Brother. Flacon (vessel), containing not perfume, nor assistance to help with her Eczema, her Family had Psoriasis but, a carcinogenic, creosote, benzo substance caused her fatal bone cancer. Her Mummy reveals a 5 foot Woman, overweight, bad teeth, long hair of golden colour and red painted fingernails, suffering from arthritis, diabetes. The clever study of The Bonn University !
Where we are just beginning to understand ! And now our understanding is radiating THE GRAND EGYPTIAN MUSEUM, the largest museum in the world, at the base of GIZA ! last, of The Seven Wonders of The Ancient World !
THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Every area of human knowledge was advanced within The Fertile Crescent : Science, Writing, Literature, Religion, Agriculture, Mathematics, Astronomy, Astrology, long distance Trade, Medical practices, domestication of Animals, Concept of Time. Without doubt, Irrigation was the panacea.
East Anatolian Fault : Museum Hotel (Antioch), one of the few buildings standing 30,000 objects,largest Roman Empire floor mosaic and all other objects safe, 27 feet underground, Hotel above safe, 6th February 2023,7.8 Mw.
East Anatolian Fault : Aleppo, completely destroyed 6th February 2023, 7.8 Mw. However, The Aleppo Soapmakers continue making history.
East Anatolian Fault : Mardin, tremors, aftershocks, but, the 4,500 BCE City safe, 40 centuries of soapmaking still continues, still today, 6th February 2023 7.8 Mw.
East Anatolian Fault : December 13th, 115 CE 260,000 lives lost, Antioch. Emperor Trajan had just returned to the City and escaped to the Hippodrome, Circus. He built a new aqueduct under 4 miles to replenish water for the City which, was completed by Hadrian.
East Anatolian Fault : 29th March, 526 CE 250,000 lives lost followed by 18 months of aftershocks. Emperor Justinian 1st, Empress Theodora : The earthquake of earthquakes Antioch, Theodora ensured the fine Church of St. Michael and The Basilica of Asterius were rebuilt despatching marble columns from Constantinople.
East Anatolian Fault : 11th October 1138 CE, Aleppo earthquake, 200,000 lost their lives.
The Silk Route 138 BCE Chang'an - Antioch on the Mediterranean waters, 4025 miles, Han Dynasty's Emperor Wu Di sends explorer Zhang Qian, as diplomat, envoy, to the West opening The Silk Route. Han Dynasty, observing thirty three listed names : capital cities, palaces, Khan Kingdoms, trading settlements, Buddist cave Temples, ancient paths, beacon towers, parts of The Great Wall, fortifications, religious buildings, Where The Silk Route Began, Chang'an - Tian-Shan Corridor a Unesco World Heritage Site. Antioch : Seleucid Empire 323 - 64 BCE The Roman Empire.
Susa - Sardes : 1,677 miles, 111 stations (caravanserai) on the heavily guarded Persian Royal Road.
Where Time Began : The Story of Silk, implemented by chance, The First Moisturiser of The Ancient World, Queen Zenobia, Cleopatra, Elizabeth 1, Assyrian Queens, Pharaohs, Papyrus, called tjufy by The Pharaohs where The Romans 500 BCE first rolled Papyrus into little cylinders called Candalae, The Story of The Libraries, Scrolls, Parchment, Theatres, Dams, Canals, Aqueducts and Bronze Water Raising Screw, sent water 50 miles from the mountains into the heavenly gardens of Nineveh, date palm tree is an early reference to the Archimedes Screw, as the trunk of a date palm often grows with spirally protrusions similar in shape to an Archimedes Screw, Assyrians, four centuries before Archimedes, Sennacherib (grandfather) : First Hydraulic Engineer of The Ancient World, 500 years before The Romans built Aqueducts, Ashurbanipal (grandson), The Hanging Garden of Nineveh, not Babylon, Antioch, where the word Christianity began, implemented by Peter, Paul. First : Sumerians, oil in soap. First : Antiseptics, Antibacterial, Anti-itching, Anti-inflammatory. First : Sumerian Priests Used these Soaps for medical benefits, Clay Tablets, Where Children and Family need to know.
PERSIANS : Darius 1 allows The Soapmakers to travel on The Persian Royal Road, The Parthians from Persia (247BCE-224CE) allowed silk to travel through their Empire trading ostrich eggs for silk, building caravanserai along The Silk Route ensuring daily riches which, was repeated by The Kushans making The Silk Route safe to travel. Later, Persian Sogdian Traders, 2nd Century BCE, travelled on The Silk Route for more than 800 years.
The Near East, Hellenistic Art, A Fusion of Greek, Near East Artistry, THE UNTOLD STORY OF SOAP : an ancient product, 40 centuries later, directly from the Soapmakers on The Silk Route, The Persian Royal Road, continuing making history. Awakening the activity, THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, more untold than we thought.
The atmosphere of Antioch, third largest City of The Roman Empire.The only Roman City illuminated at night for more than 800 years.
The presence and importance of The Silk Route 2nd Century BCE where oil in soaps travelled from Mardin (near the Persian border), Aleppo City and just a short distance from The Imperial Palace, Antioch to be traded in Antioch Market, later in the 10th century CE Nablus soap from Palestine continued history at Antioch Market the finest first pressed olive oil from olive groves of 5000 years, still today.
PALMYRA, the home of Queen Zenobia, an oasis in the Syrian dessert. The important link on The Silk Route, Unesco World Heritage Site, now continuing to stay on the 'The List of World Heritage in Danger'.
SUMERIANS : Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs).
The Ancient World’s impressive culture and inventions : Sumerians, Babylonians, WHERE TIME BEGAN, where children of the world need to know. Sumerians : The concept of Time.
2,200 BCE SUMERIAN text : their knowledge was that Soap had medical benefits.
2,200 BCE SUMERIAN PRIESTS : used Oil in Soap for medical benefits.
Sumerians : implementing Clay, building cities, writing in cuneiform on clay tablets influencing The Egyptians Heiroglyphics.
GALEN OF PERGAMUM : 129-210 CE, Philosopher, Greek Physician, Surgeon, Personal Physician of The Emperors summoned by Marcus Aurelius 169 CE at the age of 40 years back to Rome, later serving Commodus and Septimius Severus, Chief Physician for the treating of wounds to the gladiator school in Pergamum. Discoverer, that urine was formed in the kidney (as opposed to the bladder which, was common belief) and arteries carried blood, not air ( as had been taught for 400 years). His theories dominated medicine for 1500 years.He was a prolific writer 300 titles of works, 150 survive today. His 12 years of learning the doctrines of ancient medicine : Corinth (medical school), Pergamum (medical school), journeying through Cilicia, Antioch, Aleppo, Smyrna (medical school) to the greatest medical school of the Ancient World, Alexandria (5 years of studying) declaring to his patients the importance of hygiene and the healing powers of the oils in soap (antiseptic, anti-itching, antibacterial). Galen was cognisant Soap had medical benefits because of ancient civilisation knowledge. 2,200 BCE SUMERIAN PRIESTS : Sumerian Priests used oil in soap for medical benefits, written on clay tablets : the greatest medical discovery in human history. Galen collected plants with healing properties for debates of their uses. Galen’s final works were written after 207 CE, which suggests that his Arab biographers were correct in their claim that he died at age 87, in 216-217 CE, either in Pergamum or, Sicily.
SUMERIANS : The formula for the area of a Triangle and Cube.
SUMERIANS : The first astronomers to map the stars into different constellations. They identified five planets that were visible to the naked eye.They documented a rudimentary cluster of constellations and noted the movements of Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury. Their month began with the sunset and the first crescent of the new moon. This was seen for 18 hours after the 36 hours when the old crescent disappeared. The crescent was the thinnest of all its forms. The day consisted of 12 hours and it started and ended with sunset.They were also the first to create a lunar calendar. Phases of the moon were used to count the 12 months of the year. Assigning symbols to large numbers was also necessary as they wanted to track the course of the night sky in order to prepare the lunar calendar. They started using a small clay cone to denote the number 1, a ball for 10, and a large clay cone for 60. An elementary abacus was invented between 2700 and 2300 BCE. Sumerian week : 7 days. Babylonians : year 12 months, 24hours, 60 minutes, 60 seconds, Lunar calendar following phases of the Moon, a complete Lunar cycle 29.5 days.
6th Century BCE, the first circular MAP Babylonian called 'Bitter River' written on a clay tablet The British Museum.
Babylonians : 1750 BCE Arithmetic, the concept of place value in numbers.
Pheonicia : The Alphabet was invented in the early second millennium BCE which, spread across the Mediterranean world in the first millennium BCE.
Mesopotamia : 1800 BCE light chariot, drawn by two horses.
Unbelievable, that historians wrote the classical account of The Hanging Gardens of Babylon with the area of Babylon 2605 acres being completely flat, completely unable to service enough water to the so called raised gardens of Babylon.
Ancient Greek & Roman Writers who were associated with the classical account of 'The Hanging Garden of Babylon' : Berossus (Babylonian Priest of Marduk, writer), Josephus, Siculus, Rufus, Strabo, Philo of Byzantium, Cleitarchus (History of Alexander, thirty fragments of work). 8,200 Gallons of Water per day would have been required to service the writers classical accounts. Apparently, non of The Writers visited Babylon.
INCREDIBLE ASSYRIANS building Dams, Canals, Aqueducts and bronze water screws (four centuries before Archimedes, 500 years before The Romans built aqueducts). Cleverness : bronze water raising screw sent water 50 miles from the mountains into the heavenly gardens of Nineveh. Mardin Oil in Soap used by the Royal Gardeners ( planting The Hanging Garden of Nineveh ) of Sennacherib, Ashurbanipal (grandfather, grandson), on The Silk Route, The Persian Royal Road at Nineveh. In order to draw water up all day long, Sennacherib had rope, bronze wires, chains made and set up the great cylinders and date palm trees over cisterns. Designing an automatic Sluice that opened by itself. Some of the water was diverted to irrigate orchards, fields to the north of Nineveh, an artificial marshland to delay the flow, filtered water which attracted wildlife. ASSYRIANS : Masters of the principles of hydraulic engineering. Water Raising Screw : a great tree trunk 'gismahhu', the word for cylinder 'alamittu' moulds, date palm tree, Water Screw cast in bronze.
Sennacherib : First Hydraulic Engineer of The Ancient World who made Water Climb.
Assyrian relief : First known depiction of handshaking 9th century BCE.
2640 BCE, Chinese ancient writings, 'Historical Classic’, a work which existed before Confucius because it is quoted by him, the tribute of 'YU', cultural Hero of The Chinese People, who flourished 2,200 BCE. In his days, the Mulberry was spoken as a well known production and Silk obtained therefrom, so Silk must have been discovered before him. In the reign of Hwangte his Empress discovered Silk, the implementer of silk; by chance, a silkworm cocoon fell from a mulberry tree into her tea cup unwrapping the silk and strong but, soft thread. The Yellow Emperor wore white Silk at the Imperial Palace during the day and Yellow Silk at night, a class distinction. Silk : perhaps 5000 silkworms to make a silk dress, perhaps, 5000 silkworms make a pure Kimono, bioderadable, no other fabric comes close to its softness. Ancient Greek word for Silk People 'Seres' China, The Land of Silk. Unesco World Heritage Site status listed thirty three named places, where The Silk Route Began, Chang'an-The Tian-Shan Corridor.
However, Silk has been traced back to Neolithic, China, fragments found 3630 BCE. Articles of Silk have been excavated from Hubei Tomb, Marquis Yi of Zeng, 433 BCE, 234 fragments found. Discovery of a Child's Silk Shroud, carbon dated 5000 years ago, sericulture at a local level !
'HAN', the name of The Chinese People. Han Chinese dominant ethnic group, China, still today.
By the 1st century BCE silk reached Rome, initiating the first ’Silk Route’. Pliny, writing about silk, thought it was made from the down of trees. The Roman Emperor Augustus (ruled 27 BCE-14 CE) was the first from Europe to arrive in China confirmed by Roman Historian, Poet Florus. 166 CE, rumour reported at the time an emissary from Andun (China) on behalf of Emperor Marcus Aurelius brought gifts of ivory, tortoiseshell, rhinoceros horn to the Chinese. Romans are believed by some to have made it as far east as the Gobi Desert. The people in Liqian, a village in Gansu Province in western China on the fringes of the Gobi Desert, near the Qilian mountains, say they are descendants of Romans and say the curly hair, straight noses, and light-coloured eyes that some of them have proved it.The Romans that made it to China are said to have been soldiers under Crassus a Roman leader who formed the First Triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Pompey who survived a battle against the Parthians in Syria and Persia and then made their way east, working as mercenaries for the Huns, until they were captured by Chinese troops during a Chinese attack on the Hun ruler Zhizhi, Uzbekistan.
THE ISHTAR GATE, one of The Seven Wonders of The Ancient World, Unesco World Heritage Site, Hanging Garden of Nineveh, Historians : Perhaps Nineveh one of The Seven Wonders of The Ancient World, celebrated Theatres, Libraries of THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST.
The BIBLICAL presence of THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, ANTIOCH (where Christianity began). Bible : Jeremiah 2.22, Malachi 3.2 Soap.
Centuries Later, Still Preserved Today, 10 year project, over 27 feet below ground level, 4 acres of Antioch ( City of Antioch 1,100 acres, where the Soapmakers made history) excavating, authenticity preserved, still today. 30,000 objects dating back to the 3rd Century BCE : The Necmi Asfuroğlu Archaeology Museum, Hatay Archaeology Museum overlooking Mt. Silpius.
SOAP : the greatest medical discovery in human history, cleans away something you cannot see, soap does not attract germs, water does. UNICEF : doctors wash their hands half as frequently as they should, if every cook used soap it would cut the world’s rate of respiratory infections by 25%. Saves the life of a healthy person oblivious to the bullet they dodged, has saved more lives than penicillin, doesn't just make cities healthier it makes them possible, enabling our existence.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA : continuing the ethical and sustainable ethos, the culture and spirit of the first Soapmakers of the world remarkably, still handmade today from the original historical areas whilst supporting their families.
ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
THE UNTOLD STORY OF SOAP
AN ANCIENT PRODUCT,40 CENTURIES LATER, DIRECTLY FROM THE SOAPMAKERS ON THE SILK ROUTE,THE PERSIAN ROYAL ROAD, CONTINUING MAKING HISTORY, THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST.
THE SILK ROUTE, 2ND CENTURY BCE, CHANG’AN CAPITAL OF CHINA, HAN DYNASTY - ANTIOCH ON THE MEDITERRANEAN WATERS, 4025 MILES, SELEUCID EMPIRE 323 BCE - 64 BCE, 3RD LARGEST CITY OF
THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
ANTIOCH, THE SOPHISTICATED CITY, 1400 ROMAN COLUMNS AND PORTICOES LINED THE COLONNADED STREET FOR TWO AND A HALF MILES, SHOPKEEPERS TRADING BELOW EACH COLUMN WOULD USE THEIR VEGETABLE OIL FILLED LAMPS EACH NIGHT UNTIL 3 A.M. TO LIGHT UP THE COLONNADED STREET FOR MORE THAN 800 YEARS, ANTIOCH MARKET, ANTIOCH, WHERE THE VOICES OF PEOPLE WAS HEARD IN LATIN & GREEK. THE THIRD LARGEST CITY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ON THE MEDITERRANEAN WATERS WHERE OIL IN SOAPS, ONLY PURCHASED BY THE WEALTHY, PHARAOHS, KINGS AND QUEENS FOR TWO THOUSAND YOURS BEFORE THE FIRST SILK ROUTE OPENED.
2200 BCE SUMERIANS PROCURE OIL IN SOAPS WRITTEN IN CUNEIFORM ON CLAY TABLETS, TWO THOUSAND YEARS BEFORE THE SILK ROUTE OPENED, USED BY KINGS, QUEENS, PHARAOHS AND THE WEALTHY.
THE FIRST HANDMADE OLIVE OIL, PISTACHIO OIL, LAUREL BERRY OIL AND ALMOND OIL SOAPS TRADED ON THE SILK ROUTE AT A TIME WHEN JESUS WAS BORN, ROMAN EMPERORS, KINGS, QUEENS, PRINCESSES, PHARAOHS OF EGYPT REIGNED.
THE SILK ROUTE 138 BCE CHANG’AN - ANTIOCH ON THE MEDITERRANEAN WATERS, 4025 MILES, HAN DYNASTY’S EMPEROR WU-DI SENDS EXPLORER ZHANG QIAN, AS DIPLOMAT, ENVOY, TO THE WEST OPENING THE SILK ROUTE. ANTIOCH : SELEUCID EMPIRE 323 - 64 BCE THE ROMAN EMPIRE :
41 BCE ‘ALEPPO' FAVOURED BY QUEEN CLEOPATRA.
1580 CE ‘NABLUS' THE PREFERENCE OF ELIZABETH 1.
3RD CENTURY CE ‘ANTIOCHIA' THE PREFERENCE OF QUEEN ZENOBIA.
‘PISTACHIO’,’PISTACHIO' WITH KERNEL OF THE APRICOT FAVOURED BY ASSYRIAN QUEENS AND PRINCESSES FOR HUNDREDS 0F YEARS FOR THEIR HAIR.
'ALMOND', THE PREFERENCE OF THE ARISTOCRACY, ROMANS, GREEKS, ANTIOCH.
Where Soap Began : Sumerian Soap : 2200 BCE Oil in Soap
Babylonian Soap : Babylonians continued making history
Oil in Soap from Ancient Mesopotamia
Oil in Soap perfected by The Sumerians
SUMERIANS ( 5,400 BCE - 1750 BCE 3,650 YEARS, perhaps )
BABYLONIANS : The rise to power of The Babylonians in Mesopotamia around 1900 BCE, known as 'Old Babylonian Period’. 1792-1750 BCE sixth King Hammurabi of The Amorites, First Dynasty of Babylon Later, Neo-Babylonian period 626 BCE - 539 BCE.
Near East, Fertile Crescent continuing history at : Antioch, Antiochia Soap, Aleppo (now Gaziantep on The Silk Route, same weather pattern as Aleppo), Aleppo Soap, Mardin, Mardin Soap & Nablus, Nablus Soap. 40 Centuries of Soapmakers, still today. Laurel berry oil, not seen in The West, 4000 years.
Unesco World Heritage Sites, Lydia.
The Ancient Near East, more untold than we thought.
Silk from The East, by chance, in Hwangte's reign 2640 BCE a silkworm cocoon fell from a tree into His Empress's, tea cup, unwrapping the silk and strong but, soft thread.
Antioch : the beginning of Christianity.
Sumerians : the formula of the circumference of the triangle, Egypt builds their Pyramids. Egyptians clearly had great respect for The Sumerians their cleverness was truly respected.
Sumerians : Planting date orchards 3,000 BCE, planting date palm trees 100 feet tall, 200 years, to give shade whilst quenching their thirst with Barley Beer sweetened with date syrup.
Antioch : Loved by Roman Emperors, where they forgot their troubles.
Pliny the Elder, Herodotus and more, telling ambiguous truths either because of their ignorance or, laziness. Pliny the Elder whilst in Antioch observes laurel berries were being loaded onto donkeys daily for the constant journey to Aleppo but, he never completed the question 'why'. Oil in Soap was an incredible expensive luxury and historians have never paid any attention to it and clearly only referred to the oil and strigil, the mystery of why oil in soaps never went to Rome has been The continuing Untold Story of Oil in Soap for 40 centuries, still today. Sumerians : The concept of Time, Sumerians : Oil in Soap.
Galen of Pergamum knew Sumerians knew through texts 2200 BCE that Oil in Soaps had medical benefits.
The incredible journey from Antioch to Daphne known for its plethora of thickly planted mulberry bushes, groves of cypresses and laurels forming a dramatic continuous roof, the carpet of rose groves interspersed with streams five miles from Antioch leading down to the Mediterranean waters.
Caravans of camels loaded with jewels, spices from Cappadocia, Persia, India, Arabia.
The importance of Palestine, forgotten today, established since 1276 BCE.
Amazing Romans endurance and stability. Astonishing life style of the wealthy at Antioch.
Babylon : Etemenanki (House of the Foundation of Heaven on Earth), Ziggurat, also known as, The Temple of Belus, The Tower of Babel, originally built by King Hammurabi, 17 million fired bricks. Under King Nebuchadnezzer 11 the restoration and enlargement of Etemenanki took 43 years to complete. Alexander the Great cleared rubble from the destruction of Etemenanki using 10 thousand labourers before his fever and death at the Summer Palace.
And of course, history could have been re-written if Alexander the Great of Macedon, had survived his 33 years after conquering Macedon-India. He died 323 BCE while suffering a high fever that lasted 10 days, Babylon.
Aigai, Northern Greece, The Royal dynasty of The Temenids, the family of Philip 11, son Alexander the Great, where the unlooted tomb of Philip 11 rests, Unesco World Heritage Site.
The Silk Route, Chang'an 2nd Century BCE, capital of China, Han Dynasty observing thirty three listed names : capital cities, palaces, Khan Kingdoms, trading settlements, Buddist cave Temples, ancient paths, beacon towers, parts of The Great Wall, fortifications, religious buildings, Where The Silk Route Began, Chang'an - Tian-Shan Corridor a Unesco World Heritage Site.
Continuing History : would make a fascinating 60 minute TV Documentary, StoryTeller, Maps, Sketches, Water Colours ! would make a fascinating story for BBC Radio 4 !
info@ancientmesopotamiagifts.com
ancientmesopotamiagifts.com
THE STORY OF THE NEAR EAST, NOT TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS, CHILDREN NEED TO KNOW WHERE TIME CAME FROM, 60 SECONDS, 60 MINUTES, 24 HOURS, MATHEMATICS, IRRIGATION, 360 DEGREES, AL-JABR, LATINISED, ALGEBRA, GEOMETRY, THE TRIGONOMETRIC TABLE, 40 OTHER THINGS WE TAKE FOR GRANTED EACH DAY ! Telling the story to a new generation ! A purchase for every Parents household, Grandparents, Parents informing !
Coming soon ! Children's Book
The Children in the Clouds !
The medieval market place, WELLS, Wednesdays, Saturdays, surrounded by Wells Cathedral 1175, The Bishop's Palace 1210, The Moat of the Swans, 14 acres, partnered with RHS, of tranquil gardens, Vicars Close 1363, the oldest continuously occupied medieval street Europe, Flagstone Drawbridge, Portcullis, Ruined Great Hall, The Well Pools, Vaulted Undercroft, Long Gallery, Arboretum, England's smallest City. ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA, for that original cultural gift : beautiful framed MAPS, BOOK : story of SILK, NEAR EAST, ALEXANDER the GREAT, ROMANS, GREEKS and 4000 years of SOAPMAKING, still today, silky, lasts for months, HISTORY in box.
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